Chronic Renal Insufficiency and Bone

.............................................................................................. 8 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................... 9 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE........................................................... 11 1 Bone biology.............................................................................................11 1.1 Bone anatomy ..................................................................................11 1.2 Function of bone ..............................................................................12 1.2.1 Locomotive function ............................................................12 1.2.2 Protective and supportive function........................................13 1.2.3 Metabolic function ...............................................................13 1.3 Bone turnover ..................................................................................14 1.4 Functional bone adaptation...............................................................16 2 Characterization of bone ...........................................................................16 2.1 Material ...........................................................................................17 2.2 Mass and geometry ..........................................................................17 2.3 Biomechanics...................................................................................18 3 Chronic kidney disease-bone and mineral disorder ....................................19 3.1 Physiology of mineral metabolism ...................................................19 3.2 Definition of chronic kidney disease-bone and mineral disorder.......20 3.3 Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease-bone and mineral disorder ............................................................................................21 3.4 Pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease-bone and mineral disorder ............................................................................................22 3.5 Effects of chronic kidney disease-bone and mineral disorder on bone .................................................................................................23